Problem: One of the fundamental challenges in philosophical anthropology and eschatology is to explain the relationship between soul and body and to provide a rational account of bodily resurrection. Within this context, Mullā Ṣadrā’s interpretation of the existential levels of the human body and their relation to the soul raises important questions concerning personal identity and the ontological unity of the worldly and otherworldly body, which require careful analysis.

Method: This study adopts a descriptive–analytical approach based on a close reading of Mullā Ṣadrā’s original texts, especially the foundational works of Transcendent Philosophy. The key concepts are examined and analyzed within the framework of Sadrian metaphysical principles.

Findings: The findings show that through his fourfold theory of the body—elemental, vaporous, imaginal, and eschatological—Mullā Ṣadrā offers a gradational and ontological account of the human body grounded in such principles as the primacy of existence, the gradational unity of being, and substantial motion. The elemental body is the material body formed from the semen; the vaporous body ensures the continuity of natural life and vital faculties; the imaginal body, generated from actions and moral dispositions, mediates between the soul and the natural body; and the eschatological body is the imaginal body at a more intense level of existence, appropriate to the Hereafter. The relation between soul and body is initially based on existential unity and, in the eschatological state, is elevated to existential concomitance.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the theory of the existential levels of the body in Transcendent Philosophy, by affirming the identity of the worldly and otherworldly body and highlighting the formative role of actions and moral dispositions in shaping the eschatological body, provides a coherent solution for reconciling bodily and spiritual resurrection. It also offers a rational response to contemporary challenges concerning personal identity