Document Type : Biannual Journal

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate ofIslamic Philosophy, University of Tehran. Tavana@ut.ac.ir (The First Author).

2 The Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Tehran

3 Department of Tehran

10.30465/cw.2023.43320.1951

Abstract

ملکات نقش‌های متعددی در فلسفه اسلامی دارند. گاهی در مبادی صدور فعل از حیث مبادی خلقی، گاهی از ‏جهات انسان‌شناسانه و در مواردی در مبناشناسی احوالات روانشناختی، امیال و گرایشات نفسانی ملکات مورد ‏توجه هستند. مساله این تحقیق بررسی ابعاد شناختی و روانشناختی ملکات است که در ارتباط با ساختارهای ‏ادراکی و سازمان‌یافتگی ادراک محسوب می‌شود. آیا علاوه بر نقش‌های خلقی، از تاثیر ملکات در سطح اندیشه و ‏احساس نیز می‌‌توان سخن گفت؟ در این تحقیق با روشی توصیفی- تحلیلی به مساله حاضر پاسخ داده می‌شود. ‏یافته‌های این تحقیق حاکی از آن است که تعابیری همچون ملکات نطقی و عقلی ناظر به ابعاد شناختی ملکات ‏است. نقش ملکات در جهت‌دهی‎ ‎و‎ ‎هدایت‎ ‎ادراکات‎ ‎و‎ ‎احوالات‎ ‎روانی و نیز معنابخشی و پردازش اطلاعات از ‏سویی و اهمیت آن‌ها به عنوان عوامل غیرشناختی شکل گیری باورها از سویی دیگر از نتایج این تحقیق محسوب ‏می‌شود. تفکیک «معارف متمکن» حاصل از ملکات و ‌«معارف غیر متمکن‌» و تحلیل هر یک در نفس، ناظر به ‏جایگاه شناختی و روانشناختی ملکات است. نظم در ناحیه افکار و ارائه ایده‌های از پیش تعیین شده و نیز ‏فرض‌های معین متناسب با ساختار در ارتباط با ملکات تبیین‌پذیر است. در بعد شناختی فارابی به نقش عادت و ‏ملکات در تعیین و تعین مواضع اندیشه‌ورزی و جایگاه مغالطی ملکات عطف توجه می‌کند و در بعد روانشناختی ‏تاثیر ملکات بر امیال و گرایشات، تصمیم و انتخاب محل تامل است.‏

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