نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مهدی سعادتمند ¹
• علی بابایی ²

¹ استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی دانشگاه یزد نویسنده مسؤول

² دانشیار گروه فلسفه و کلام دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

اهمیت سنجش میان «تقدم و تأخر» با مقابل آن یعنی «معیت»، در بازنمایی رابطه معروضات آنهاست. این مفاهیم، عارض بر موضوعات اساسی و متفاوت هر یک از رویکردهای مشهور فلسفی می‌گردند. مسأله مقاله این است که: با تغییر در نگاه فلسفی از رویکرد ماهوی تا اصالت و وحدت تشکیکی وجود و سپس وحدت شخصیه وجود، رابطه تقدم و تأخر با معیت چه نسبتی می‌یابد؟ به کارگیری روش توصیفی- تحلیلی، با هدف کشف ارتباط مذکور، ما را به این یافته‌ها می‌رساند که وحدت، کثرت و تشکیک از شاخصه‌های تعیین کننده این نسبت هستند. در سیر ماهوی، متناسب با کثرت و تشکیک تفاضلی ماهوی، اصل با تقدم و تأخر در انواع متعدد است، اما در سیر وجودی با چرخشی کامل و در تلازم با اصالت و وحدت وجود، معیت وجودی اصالت می‌یابد. در سیر دوم، با تشکیک در وجود، تقدم و تأخر در ضمن معیت مراتب وجودی معنا می‌شود، در حالی که در وحدت شخصیه تنها در بین تجلیات حق، تشکیک ظهوری ‌اتفاق می‌افتد. نتیجه این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد: ساحت سیر سوم، تجلی وحدت محض وجود است که معیت قیومی نامیده می‌شود و در اثر همین ویژگی تقدم و تأخر جای خود را به معیت می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تقدم و تأخر
• معیت
• سیر ماهوی
• وحدت تشکیکی
• وحدت شخصیه

موضوعات

• فلسفه

عنوان مقاله [English]

The transformation of »Priority and Posteriority « into »Concomitance « during three philosophical courses (The Originality of Essence, The Originality of Existence of Gradational Oneness and the Originality of Existence of Personal Oneness)

نویسندگان [English]

• mahdi saadatmand ¹
• ali babaie ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Islamic Studies Department, Yazd University, Yszd,Iran, (Responsible author),

² Associate Professor, Islamic Philosophy and Theology Department, Tabriz University

چکیده [English]

Abstract
The importance of investigating between priority and posteriority with concomitance is in the representation of the relationship between their following issues. These concepts are related to the fundamental issues in different philosophical approaches. The question of the article is: with the change in the philosophical view from the originality of essence to the originality of existence of gradational oneness and then the originality of existence of personal oneness, what is the relation between priority and posteriority with concomitance? According to the originality of essence  the principle is with the priority and posteriority in many types. But according to the originality of existence, the existential concomitance becomes original. In the second journey, according to the gradation in existence, priority and posteriority are meant at the same time as existential stages, while in personal oneness only among the manifestations of Hāqq, emergence gradation occurs. The result of this research shows: The third journey, which is dominated by absolute oneness, is called the “qayyūmiyyā concomitance” and Because of this feature, priority and posteriority give way to concomitance.
KeyWords: Priority and Posteriority, Concomitance, The Originality of Essence, Gradational Oneness, Personal Oneness
priority and posteriority are intellectual and mental meanings and are the result of a comparison that the intellect makes between two things. The compatibility of priority and posteriority with pluralistic philosophical schools and concomitance with monistic ideas is clear. This compatibility is a motivation for answering the question: How does the relationship between priority and posteriority change with concomitance, in proportion to the change in philosophical approach from the originality of essence to the originality and gradation unity of existence and then the personal unity of existence? This issue has been examined with the focus on Sadra'i's transcendental wisdom.
    The third stage is the manifestation of the one existence of truth (haqq), which causes another type of “Superior Priority”. Based on which, beyond the existence of truth, there is truly nothing that can be placed on its side and find a relationship with it, even if it is posterior. Only between the manifestations of truth itself is a kind of manifestational gradation conceivable, which replaces existential gradation in the second stage.
 
Conclusion
In the essential stage, concomitance is a non-existent, invalid, relatives concept, and subject to priority and posteriority. Therefore, originality and gradation are characteristics of priority and posteriority, While in the gradational unity of existence, this role is entrusted to  concomitance, although priority and posteriority are also valid as a consequence of the existential concomitance. finally, with the unity of the personality, pure originality is achieved to the concomitance, and any priority or  posteriority becomes meaningless, because the concomitance is one with the unity, that is, the existence of the truth (haqq). We interpret this finding as " The transformation of »priority and posteriority « into » concomitance «. This is reflected in Mulla Sadra's statement with the term "Qayyumiyyah concomitance ", in which the manifestations are nothing other than the guardianship of haqq (God).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Priority and Posteriority
• Concomitance
• The Originality of Essence
• Gradational Oneness
• Personal Oneness